口译练习 | 中译英 | 交传 | 初级 | Economic policy

type

status

date

slug

summary

Speech Details

Language

(zh) Mandarin 中文, 汉语, 漢語

Speech number: 28073

Duration

06:38

Level

Beginner

Use

Consecutive

Terminology

美国优先政策America First, 进口替代import substitution, 贸易逆差trade deficit, 收紧tighten,贸易壁垒trade barriers, 升值appreciation

译前准备

美国优先政策 America First

进口替代 import substitution

贸易逆差 trade deficit

trade deficit noun /ˈtreɪd defɪsɪt/ (also trade gap) [usually singular] a situation in which the value of a country’s imports is greater than the value of its exports 外贸逆差；贸易赤字

Topics Money C2

收紧 tighten

贸易壁垒 trade barriers

升值 appreciation

appreciation noun /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/

[uncountable] pleasure that you have when you recognize and enjoy the good qualities of sb/sth 欣赏
[uncountable, singular] appreciation (in something) increase in value over a period of time 增值；升值 opposite depreciation

an appreciation in the value of the house 房子价值的增加

capital appreciation 资本增值

Topics Change, cause and effectC1

原文 + 我的译文

大家好，今天我想谈谈特朗普的经济政策。我们都知道大家都说特朗普是一个不太好预测的人。今天我们就看看它的经济政策是什么，以及背后的逻辑是什么。然后我就开始我的演讲。

大家下午好，今天我想谈谈特朗普的经济政策。我们都知道自从特朗普执政以来，他坚持推特治国，而且已经退出了多个国际协议，包括巴黎协议以及其他的一些国际组织。他还发动了针对中国以及欧盟等国的贸易战，我相信这一系列的事件都在吸引着整个世界的目光。

它所推行的经济政策，也就是纠正美国贸易失衡的这个美国优先的政策，在许多人看来可能并没有什么逻辑而言，因为大家觉得这是一个很不走寻常路的政客，他的性格以及行为实在是难以预测。

但是实际上这位总统他有着非常良好的教育背景，非常成功的事业，而且他竟然能够成为一个国家的一把手，说明他带领下的美国经济政策呢，肯定是暗藏一定逻辑的。我在网上看到一篇文章，觉得他对特朗普经济政策的分析还是有一定道理的，所以想要跟大家分享一下。

我的译文

Good afternoon, everyone.

点评

everyone 说的不清楚

Today, I like to talk about the economic policy policy published by Donald trump. Since Donald Trump became 【卡顿】the president【卡顿】 of the America, it has published a series of economic policies. He decided to exit Paris Agreement and other agreed【卡顿】 international organizations, and it also started 【卡顿】the economic war towards China and the European union.

点评

economic 第一次重音读错了，纠正

Accuracy（准确性）：“economic war” → 正确术语应为 trade war。

the president of the America 不准确，至少是United States，the America 一般表示美洲

Accuracy（准确性）：“the president of the America” → 应为 the President of the United States。

it has published a series of economic policies 错译，无中生有。代词用错了

好多代词用的都是it，这是错误了

【卡顿】The economic policy published by him is actually the so called America First policy um which is【停留时间太长了】 kind of unlogical to a lot of people because as American policies as an policies【这里是想说“政客”politician这个词（as an American politician ），一直在说politist】 um a lot of his policies published are unpredictable.

In fact, Donald Trump himself has good education background and good career. Based on that, um【啊嗯这种filler太明显了】 the economic policy must have some logic behind that. And I've read an article online talking about the logics about the Donald trump's economic policies and it mainly includes the following content.

点评

Accuracy（准确性）：“kind of unlogical” → 表达不够准确，口译中可说 may seem illogical to many people。

Coherence（连贯性）：原译文多次卡顿、重复或断句不清，使信息链条不完整。

Fluency（流畅度）

filler 太多（um, ah），影响连贯性。

长句未分块处理，口译时容易断句或遗漏信息。

事实上，特朗普推行的经济政策可以分为两个阶段。第一个阶段就是在他的第一个任期之内实行进口替代这种战略。这也就是说它需要重塑美国的制造业，扩大国内居民的就业，并且使得美国制造的产品能够释放出无限的潜力。为此特朗普积极推出了减税的法案，释放企业的活力来推动经济的增长。他威胁国际经济组织以及他的贸易伙伴，意图想要释放出一个信号，那就是他们将提高外国产品进口到美国的贸易壁垒，来吸引美国其他的资金回到美国，实现直接投资替代贸易出口。与此同时，他在国内要放松金融的监管，收紧货币的政策，还要保持美国金融市场的高度开放，来推动本国资产市场的繁荣发展，这是一方面。

另外一个方面，美国长期以来处于一个贸易逆差的境地，他的出口份额相对比较少。因此他觉得如果美国采取上述的政策，遭到了美国的贸易伙伴的抵制或者报复，对美国自己的贸易影响也是很小的。因为它的出口很少。但是美国的消费市场又非常的大，现在又处于复苏当中。美国的主要贸易伙伴们还是想要争取这个市场，所以在出现了这个贸易壁垒的情况之下，他们还是不得已要选择去美国进行直接投资，来替代贸易出口到美国的。所以在这样的背景之下，美国或许长期会实行一个美元弱势的一个政策，或者说至少要保持美元的汇率处于一个比较稳定的状态，这样的话才能够为美国经济结构调整赢得时间和空间，这是第一个阶段。

我的译文

So actually, the economic policy of Donald trump's published include two phases. The first phases occur during his first election period.

the economic policy of Donald trump's published

phases 语法错误

The policy is called import substitution【卡顿】, that is because 【修改】that is, mailnly aims to increasing employment and to release the potential of products. And it also includes to redouble so I have to make americans【修改】 make American economy better. And they are also developing economic policies together with other partners.

Such as an increase measures, including trade barriers. So as to make products being returned to America and make direct investment, substitute exports. And within America, Donald Trump decided to unfastened restrictions on the economy and continue to opening up.

an increase measures 语法错误，看不懂

, substitute 语法错误，in substution of

So in pursuit of capital and money. On the second phase. 【修改】Um the second point lies in the American deficit. Actually, America's export is far more less than its imports. So Donald trump hold the view that if American policy is【听上去像as】 rejected by its partners, the impacts would be quite small or even doesn't affect this at all, because American's exports volume is quite small. 【is quite small语速突然加快，不自然】

However, since America’s consumption market is quite big, and the America’s economy is recovering, so trade barriers policy may be rejected by other partners, and having effects on direct investments 【direct investment说的不清楚】. And that policy aims to substitute the export【听不懂在说什么】.

And the background of America First policies【为什么突然用复数？】also【卡顿太久】lies in, 【修改】also needs the status that um dollars remain a steady currency.【最后一句currency语速突然加快】

ChatGPT评价

下面分 两部分回答：

① 按照顺句驱动、符合口译逻辑的 完整汉译英示范译文

② 按照会议口译评价表思路，对你现有译文进行 详细点评与改进建议（逐项：理解、准确性、衔接、流利度、语言、表达）

② 对你译文的逐项专业口译评价（非常详细）

1. COMPREHENSION – 理解

问题表现：

有多处对原文逻辑关系理解不到位，例如：

“import substitution” 的政策目标没有表达清楚
Trump 的政策思路“威胁伙伴→提高关税→吸引资本回流→FDI替代出口”逻辑链断裂

例子：

“And they are also developing economic policies together with other partners.”
—— 原文不是“与伙伴共同制定政策”，而是“向伙伴施压、甚至威胁”。

2. ACCURACY – 准确性

主要问题：

信息缺失

信息混乱

部分译法改变意思

举例：

原文：

“实现直接投资替代贸易出口”
你译成：
“make direct investment, substitute exports.”
逻辑不完整，语法不通，含义没有输出。

原文：

“放松监管、收紧货币”
你只说“unfastened restrictions”，缺少 “tighter monetary policy”。

3. COHERENCE – 连贯性

主要问题：

句子之间缺乏因果、递进、转折连接

思路经常中断

出现突然转话题

表现例句：

“So in pursuit of capital and money. On the second phase.”

中间断裂，听众无法判断逻辑关系。

建议：

多使用明确逻辑连接词：

therefore
as a result
meanwhile
on the other hand
however

4. FLUENCY – 流利度

出现问题：

多处停顿

自我修正

语速突然加快或变慢

句子未完成就中断

典型例子：

“So Donald trump hold the view that if American policy is【听上去像as】 rejected...”

同时出现“修正、自我疑惑、语速变化”，影响听众理解。

改进建议：

遇到句子结构复杂时：

先简短输出主句，再补从句

例如：

He believed the impact would be limited, because…

5. LANGUAGE – 语言质量

主要问题：

语法错误

名词变复数不当

搭配不自然

翻译腔明显

例子：

“an increase measures” （不可数与复数冲突）

“public published policy”（搭配不自然）

“far more less”（比较级结构错误）

“America’s policy is rejected” 应为 “if the policy is rejected by its partners”

口译中不要求完美书面语，但必须 语法清楚、不干扰理解。

6. PRESENTATION – 表达与台风

（注意：虽为同传/复试录音中的表现问题）

表现问题：

情绪化犹豫

表达不够坚定

词语模糊（partners anywhere）

缺乏口译常见“缓冲表达”

建议学习：

*口译缓冲“

What he meant was that…
The policy essentially aims to…
In practical terms…

③ 综合评价 – What was good and bad?

优点

✔ 能抓住核心主题：贸易壁垒、制造业回流、赤字问题

✔ 尝试表达逻辑链条

✔ 语气自然，有一定“口译即席表达”感

✔ 有意识进行逻辑推进

不足

信息提取不完整

主干逻辑断裂

语言错误过多，影响传递

补全信息的意识不足

未能完成“顺句驱动、及时推送”的专业要求

④ 未来改进建议（具体可执行）

1）实时压缩策略

遇到复杂句 → 直接变成“两层表达”：

① 主句先说

② 细节随后补

例如：

“他认为影响有限，因为美国出口占比较小。”

口译可处理成：

He believed the impact would be limited.
After all, American exports account for only a small share.

2）强制使用逻辑标记词（10个保底）

必须在输出中主动用：

therefore

meanwhile

however

as a result

in other words

on the other hand

in this context

to achieve this

the intention was to

that means

口译会立刻更“结构化”。

3）遇到想不出的词

保持不中断，用缓冲模板：

What he was trying to do was that…
The core idea is…
In short…
Essentially…

4）高频经济口译表达库（选取与你文本最相关）

import-substitution strategy

reshape domestic manufacturing

attract capital back to the U.S.

foreign direct investment replacing exports

relax financial regulation

maintain a weak US dollar

buy time and space for restructuring

课堂与复试中 70%材料都会出现类似表达。

如果这是复试表现评分（按英院标准）

维度	评分（10分制）
理解	6
准确性	5
连贯性	5
流利度	5
语言地道度	4
综合得分	5–5.5

已有基础，但离专业水平还有提升空间。

特朗普的政策第二个阶段可能是在他的第二个任期之内，当然前提是特朗普能够连任美国总统，并且第一阶段的这个政策得到了预期的效果，那么第二个阶段他会怎么做呢？美国的经济政策很可能会大幅度地发生转变，即采取一个促进出口的经济战略，也就是说特朗普要打开国内市场，然后再一次地推动全球的经济一体化，帮助美国的产品走向全球，与此同时呢，美国采取的经济手段可能还有要进行一些隐性的出口补贴啊，降低贸易关税啊等等，还有避免美元过度升值，还要解决本国如果存在的系统性的金融危机。

以上，就是特朗普的一个经济政策的简介。

我们知道，美国是一个大国，所以它的这样的经济政策呢，对全球经济都是产生非常大的影响的。鉴于他是一个大国，那么如果他采取上述的政策的话，国际贸易的规则将会陷于一个非常尴尬和被动的局面。再加上它采取减税以及提高贸易壁垒的措施，这将导致全球的资本长期流入美国，得益于实体经济的复苏以及金融监管的松绑，美国的资本市场也会实现持续繁荣。再加上大家都觉得特朗普政策具有不确定性，所以美元的汇率逐渐会走弱，而且长期处于这样的一个状态，可见特朗普的经济政策对全球来说都产生了非常大的挑战。

那么如何应对这个挑战？我相信不同的国家可能有不同的做法。当然了，这就不是我今天想要谈论的内容了，所以今天我想要做的介绍就是这样，谢谢大家。

我的译文

So the second phase of Donald Trump's um economic policy is, during his second election period, if Donald Trump succeeded to become, continued to become, 【修改】become the president of America, and his first period results make effect, so what will Donald Trump do were what his second ophases’ policies. Um the American economic policy economic policy during the second【没说清楚】 phase would change greatly, and it will continue to increase imports,【修改】 exports and continue to open it up to the global market and the products American【修改】 the American products will be exported to the global world. Donald Trump's economic policy also introduce uh 【filler】includes reduction of taxes. 【卡顿】

The increasing conversion of dollars in solving the systematical problems of the United States in terms of economy, the United States economy towards the global economy 【卡顿】has big impact. The economy of【修改】 the economic policy of Donald Trump will have a big impact on the global economy. If【卡顿】 the above policies【卡顿】 mentioned unk are released, then the global economy【economy卡顿】 employees will be affected greatly.

The taxes,【修改】 the reduction of taxes and the trade barriers will be lost【修改】, will last for a long time. With【卡顿】 the American economy development, develop, developing 【修改】all the time, American economy will be blooming. 【长时间卡顿】So in conclusion, the Donald Trump's economic policy will make an impact to the global world.【结尾突然加速】

So what will other countries do to deal with 【叹气】Donald trump's economic policy? Different countries have different【卡顿】 solutions, but that will not be the topic【卡顿】 today. So that's pretty much on my speech. Thank you. 【结尾突然加速】

ChatGPT点评

1. Evaluation Table

CRITERIA	LEVEL	ISSUES OBSERVED	EXAMPLES
COMPREHENSION	B–C	理解偏差，句间逻辑关系没有完全把握，条件句、因果关系表达不够清晰	“if Donald Trump succeeded to become, continued to become…” → 表达信息混乱，不清楚“前提是连任且第一阶段成功”
ACCURACY	C	多处信息遗漏、误解或表达失真	“increase imports” → 原文是“促进出口”；“tax reduction”出现但忽略“隐性补贴”“避免美元升值”等关键信息
COHERENCE	C	句子之间连接突兀，缺少逻辑衔接词；有断层、跳跃	缺乏“as a result, therefore, meanwhile”等过渡表达，使段落不够连贯
FLUENCY	C	明显卡顿、修正、长停顿、填充词过多	“um…unk…continued to become…er…” 影响信息推进和听感
LANGUAGE	C	搭配、语法、专业术语使用不够自然，多个地方出现中式表达	“make effect”“global world”“solutions but that will not be the topic today”
PRESENTATION	B–C	音量和自信度未体现，但语速忽快忽慢、句末突然加速影响整体表现	结尾部分明显“仓促收尾”

2. What was good and bad about the interpretation?

👍 Good

能覆盖演讲的大部分主题框架（第一阶段 → 第二阶段 → 全球影响）。

关键政治经济表达如 “tax cuts”“trade barriers” 有在口译中体现。

即使卡顿，也尝试维持表达不中断，这是口译时很重要的意识。

👎 Needs Improvement

条件逻辑混乱，主从句关系未构建清晰 → 导致听者难以抓住主题推进。

大量停顿、回改、填充词 → 明显影响专业感和 fluency。

信息层级未分清，导致长篇段落被“一口气读下来”，缺少“意群”结构。

3. Strategies you could use to resolve the problems

（1）强化“意群输出”

不要试图一句话从头到尾翻。

学会：

缩句

转述

分层次说

如：

前提 → 时间 → 结果

“如果连任且政策有效 → 第二阶段 → 美国将转向促进出口”

（2）提前储备主题专业框架

如本段涉及：

国际贸易用语

货币政策

宏观经济周期

可以提前准备“模块化表达模板”，演讲时套用即可，提高稳定度。

（3）消除口头冗余

在练习中刻意减少：

um, eh, er

repeated words

self-correction

可训练：

shadowing

timed short delivery

句尾停顿—再起下一句

（4）建立“fallback句型（兜底结构）”

如果一句太复杂，可以迅速降维：

The idea is that…
What this means is that…
In short…

救急时可保证 coherence。

4. How have strategies I have been employing worked so far?

目前表现说明：

你努力在保持连贯，但处理复杂句时“意群管理”不足。

如果能把“长句拆段”，表现会立刻提升一个档次。

下一步该聚焦：

复杂从句的“听辨—拆句—输出”

mainstream economic terminology（避免“Chinglish”）

流畅输出训练（shadowing + retelling）

5. What skill areas your peer needs to develop?

更清晰的逻辑构句

更自然的经济金融术语选择

降低填充词与断续的存在感

我的录音

2025/11/21 原文+第一次翻译

参考译文

大家下午好。

Good afternoon, everyone.

今天我想谈谈特朗普的经济政策。我们都知道自从特朗普执政以来，他坚持推特治国，而且已经退出了多个国际协议，包括巴黎协议以及其他的一些国际组织。他还发动了针对中国以及欧盟等国的贸易战，我相信这一系列的事件都在吸引着整个世界的目光。

Today, I would like to talk about Donald Trump's economic policies. As we all know, since Trump took office, he has governed the country through Twitter and has withdrawn from several international agreements, including the Paris Agreement and other international organisations. He has also launched trade wars against countries such as China and the European Union. I believe that these events are attracting the attention of the entire world.

Expressions

特朗普的经济政策 Donald Trump's economic policies

执政 take office

坚持推特治国 govern the country through Twitter

退出了多个国际协议 has withdrawn from several international agreements

巴黎协议 the Paris Agreement

发动了针对XX的贸易战 launch trade wards against countries such as…

The economic policy he has implemented, that is, the so-called America First policy aimed at correcting the United States’ trade imbalance, may seem illogical to many people. This is because Trump is a politician who often takes an unconventional approach, and his personality and actions are hard to predict.

Expressions

纠正美国贸易失衡 correct the United States’ trade imbalance

在许多人看来可能并没有什么逻辑而言 seem illogical to many people

一个很不走寻常路的政客 a politician who often takes an unconventional approach

难以预测 hard to predict

However, in fact, the president has a very solid educational background and a successful career. The fact that he became the head of a country shows that there must be some logic behind the economic policies he pursues. I came across an article online analysing Trump’s economic policies, which I found quite reasonable, so I would like to share it with you.

Expressions

有着非常良好的教育背景 have a very solid educational background

成为一个国家的一把手 become the head of a country

肯定是暗藏一定逻辑的 there must be some logic behind…

我在网上看到一篇文章 I came across an article online

事实上，特朗普推行的经济政策可以分为两个阶段。

In fact, Donald Trump’s economic policy can be divided into two stages.

第一个阶段就是在他的第一个任期之内实行进口替代这种战略。这也就是说它需要重塑美国的制造业，扩大国内居民的就业，并且使得美国制造的产品能够释放出无限的潜力。

The first stage refers to the period of his first term in office, during which he pursued an import-substitution strategy. In other words, he sought to reshape American manufacturing, expand domestic employment, and enable “Made in the USA” products to unlock greater potential.

为此特朗普积极推出了减税的法案，释放企业的活力来推动经济的增长。他威胁国际经济组织以及他的贸易伙伴，意图想要释放出一个信号，那就是他们将提高外国产品进口到美国的贸易壁垒，来吸引美国其他的资金回到美国，实现直接投资替代贸易出口。与此同时，他在国内要放松金融的监管，收紧货币的政策，还要保持美国金融市场的高度开放，来推动本国资产市场的繁荣发展，这是一方面。

To achieve these goals, Trump introduced a series of tax-cut bills to stimulate business vitality and drive economic growth. He also threatened international economic organizations and major trade partners, signaling that the United States would raise trade barriers against foreign products. The intention was to attract capital back to the United States and encourage foreign direct investment to replace export-oriented trade.

Meanwhile, domestically, he relaxed financial regulations, adopted a tighter monetary policy, and kept U.S. financial markets highly open, with the aim of boosting the prosperity of domestic asset markets.

On the other hand, the United States has long been in a position of trade deficit, with a relatively small share of exports. Therefore, Trump believed that even if these policies triggered resistance or retaliation from key trading partners, the impact on the U.S. itself would be limited, simply because American exports are relatively small.

However, the U.S. consumer market is enormous and is currently in a period of recovery. Major trading partners still want access to this market. As a result, under increased trade barriers, they would still have strong incentives to invest directly in the United States as a substitute for exporting goods there.

Against this backdrop, the United States might maintain a weak-dollar policy in the long run—or at least ensure that the exchange rate of the dollar stays at a relatively stable level—in order to buy time and space for America’s economic restructuring. This completes the first stage.

backdrop noun the general conditions in which an event takes place, which sometimes help to explain that event（事态或活动的）背景

During the second phase of Donald Trump’s economic agenda – which would most likely take place in his second term, on the condition that he is re-elected and that the first-phase policies deliver the expected results – the United States may see a major shift in economic strategy.

In this phase, the U.S. would probably adopt a more export-oriented approach. Trump would aim to further open up domestic markets, promote a new wave of globalization, and support American products in reaching markets around the world.

At the same time, the administration might also introduce implicit export subsidies, lower trade tariffs, and avoid an excessive appreciation of the U.S. dollar, while addressing potential systemic financial risks at home.

以上，就是特朗普的一个经济政策的简介。

As we know, the United States is a major global power, and its economic policies exert a significant influence on the world economy. Should the U.S. adopt these measures, international trade rules could find themselves in an awkward and passive position.

Moreover, policies such as tax cuts and higher trade barriers would likely lead to a long-term inflow of global capital into the United States. Supported by a recovering real economy and relaxed financial supervision, U.S. capital markets may continue to prosper.

At the same time, the uncertainty associated with Trump’s policies may cause the U.S. dollar to weaken gradually and remain at a relatively low level in the long run.

Clearly, Trump’s economic strategy would pose considerable challenges for the rest of the world.

How should other countries respond? Different nations may take different approaches. However, this is beyond the scope of today’s discussion.

That concludes my introduction. Thank you.