1. Fluency and Coherence （流利度与连贯性）
This refers to the ability to talk with normal levels of continuity, rate and effort, and to link ideas and language together to form coherent, connected speech. 该项评估考生是否能够在正常速度、自然表达、较少费力的情况下说话，并能将语言和观点连贯地组织成完整、自然的表达。
Key indicators of fluency 流利度衡量指标
• speech rate: ideally, not too slow (hard to keep links between words/propositions in mind)
语速适中：不可过慢，否则会影响表达连续性。
• speech continuity: ideally, flow of speech will not be excessively interrupted by false starts, backtracking, functionless repetitions of words and phrases, and/or pausing during which the test taker searches for words.
表达连续：不应出现大量反复纠正、频繁倒回重说、无意义重复或过度停顿找词。
Key indicators of coherence 连贯性衡量指标
• logical sequencing of ‘spoken sentences’*
“口语句子”之间应具有逻辑顺序。
• clear marking (with appropriate use of pausing, and spoken discourse markers and fillers) of stages in a discussion, narration or argument
通过合理使用停顿、语篇连接词或口头衔接词来清晰标记论述的发展阶段。
• relevance of spoken sentences to the general purpose of a turn
口语中每句话均应与当前发言目的相关。
• use of cohesive devices within and between spoken sentences (e.g. logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions).
使用适当衔接手段，如逻辑连接词、代词、连词等促进句间句内连接
*A ‘spoken sentence’ is the unit of speech which most closely corresponds to a written sentence. It is usually the same as a simple or complex written sentence, but may also include verbless structures, sometimes involving ellipsis, which perform a sentence like function but lack elements which would be found in acceptable writing. Such units will usually be further distinguished by a pause at the end, which may be very brief, and ‘final’ intonation, typically a pitch fall.
“口语句子”是最接近书面句子的表达单位。通常与书面简单句或复杂句相同，也可能是不含动词的结构（如使用省略），但仍能承担句子的功能。此类单位一般在末尾伴随一个停顿（可能很短）和结尾下降的句调。

2. Lexical Resource（词汇资源）
This refers to the range of vocabulary at the test taker’s disposal, which will influence the range of topics which they can discuss, and the precision with which meanings are expressed and attitudes conveyed.
该项评估考生可使用的词汇范围，这将影响他们能讨论的话题深度、表达意义和态度的准确性。
Key indicators of lexical resource 词汇资源衡量指标
• variety of words used 所使用词汇的丰富程度
• adequacy and appropriacy of vocabulary in relation to the requirements of:
词汇使用是否符合以下要求：
• referential meaning (the correct labelling of things and concepts) 指称意义（是否正确表达事物或概念）
• style (formal/informal) 文体风格（正式 / 非正式）
• collocation (including idiomatic expressions) 搭配自然（包括习语是否自然）
• indicating the speaker’s attitude to content (whether favourable, neutral or unfavourable) 是否能准确表达态度（积极、中性或消极）
• ability to use paraphrase (getting round a vocabulary gap by using other words), with or without noticeable hesitation. 能否使用释义表达（在缺词情况下能用其他方式表达），即便有轻微停顿也可接受。

3. Grammatical Range and Accuracy（语法多样性与准确性）
This refers to the accurate and appropriate use of syntactic forms in order to meet Speaking test requirements, and to the test taker’s range of grammatical resources, a feature which will help to determine the complexity of propositions which can be expressed. 该项评估考生是否能准确、恰当地使用语法结构，以及考生的语法资源是否足够支持表达较复杂的观点。
Key indicators of range 语法多样性衡量指标
• the length of spoken sentences
口语句子的长度
• appropriate use of subordinate clauses within clauses and phrases
是否能使用恰当的从句结构
• complexity of the verb phrase (correct use of auxiliaries in continuous/perfect aspect, modality and passive voice)
动词结构复杂程度（如助动词、完成时、进行时、情态、被动等使用是否准确）
• complexity of other phrases (use of pre- and post-modification: items before and after the head noun/adjective, etc.)
名词 / 形容词前后修饰结构是否复杂且正确
• range of sentence structures, especially to move elements around for information focus.
是否能通过句式变化实现信息焦点突出（如倒装、强调句等）
Key indicators of accuracy 语法准确性衡量指标
• error density (the number of grammatical errors in a given amount of speech)
错误密度（单位语言中出现的语法错误数量）
• the communicative effect of error (its effect on intelligibility and precision or expression).
错误是否影响理解或表达准确度

4. Pronunciation（发音）
This refers to the accurate and sustained use of a range of phonological features to convey meaningful messages. 该项评估考生是否能持续、准确地使用多种语音特征表达含义。
Key indicators of pronunciation
• the ability to divide speech into meaningful utterances or chunks within spoken sentences
能否将表达自然分成有意义的语块或表达单元
• the appropriate use of rhythm and stress timing, and the linking of sounds, using features such as elision to produce connected speech
能否自然使用语流连读、省音、节奏和重音构建连贯语音
• the use of stress (e.g. emphatic/contrastive) and intonation to enhance meaning
是否能通过重音（强调或对比）和语调提高表达效果
• the production of sounds at the word and phoneme level (e.g. word stress, vowel and consonant production), and the degree of effort required of the listener to understand these
单词与音素发音是否准确（如单词重音、元音与辅音），听者理解难度是否增加
• the overall effect of accent on intelligibility.
口音是否影响整体理解度

🎯 9分档（Band 9）